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Distal subungual onychomycosis is the most common form of tinea unguium [2] and is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum, which invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail plate. White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate.
A laceration of the nail bed causes bleeding into the constricted area underneath the hard nail plate. [1] The blood pools under the nail, giving a reddish, brownish, blueish, or grey/blackish discoloration. The blood puts pressure to the nailbed causing pain which can be throbbing in quality and disappears when the pressure on the nail bed is ...
The nail plate (corpus unguis) [3] sometimes referred to as the nail body, is the visible hard nail area from the nail root to the free edge, made of translucent keratin protein. Several layers of dead, compacted cells cause the nail to be strong but flexible. Its (transverse) shape is determined by the form of the underlying bone.
Neoplasms of the nailbed may often present with paronychia, ingrown nail, onycholysis, pyogenic granuloma, nail-plate dystrophy, longitudinal erythronychia, bleeding, and discolorations. [ 1 ] : 792 There are various benign and malignant neoplasms that may occur in or overlying the nail matrix and in the nailbed, and symptoms may include pain ...
The lunula is located at the end of the nail that is closest to the skin of the finger, but it still lies under the nail. It is not actually white but only appears so when it is seen through the nail. Outlining the nail matrix, the lunula is a very delicate part of the nail structure. If one damages the lunula, the nail will be permanently ...
A. Nail plate; B. lunula; C. root; D. sinus; E. matrix; F. nail bed; G. eponychium; H. free margin. Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail. Onychia results from the introduction of microscopic pathogens through small wounds.
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It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis. Complications include pain, distal onycholysis, subungual bleeding, subungual ulceration, and onychomycosis. Treatment includes debridement of the nail plate, urea pastes, electric drills, nail avulsion, and chemical or surgical matricectomy.