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  2. Diacetyl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacetyl

    The yeast then absorbs the diacetyl, and reduces the ketone groups to form acetoin and 2,3-butanediol. [citation needed] Beer sometimes undergoes a "diacetyl rest", in which its temperature is raised slightly for two or three days after fermentation is complete, to allow the yeast to absorb the diacetyl it produced earlier in the fermentation ...

  3. Malolactic fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolactic_fermentation

    Diacetyl (or 2,3-butanedione) is the compound associated with the "buttery" aromas of Chardonnays, but it can affect any wine that has gone through malolactic fermentation. At an odor detection threshold of 0.2 mg/L in white wines and 2.8 mg/L in red wines, it can be perceived as slightly buttery or "nutty" while at concentrations greater than ...

  4. Pediococcus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediococcus

    Certain Pediococcus isolates produce diacetyl which gives a buttery or butterscotch aroma to some wines (such as Chardonnay) and a few styles of beer. Pediococcus species are often used in silage inoculants. Pediococci are used as probiotics, and are commonly added as beneficial microbes in the creation of sausages, cheeses and yogurts.

  5. Beer fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_fault

    Diacetyl. Diacetyl is a chemical compound produced in yeast during fermentation and later reabsorbed. If the external ambient temperature during fermentation is lower than 26 °C (79 °F), diacetyl is absorbed insufficiently, resulting in a threshold of less than 0.04 mg/liter in beer, which gives the beer a mouthfeel similar to cream cheese. [1]

  6. Yeast in winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking

    The process of fermentation at work on Pinot noir. As yeast consume the sugar in the must it releases alcohol and carbon dioxide (seen here as the foaming bubbles) as byproducts. The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from fruit juice.

  7. Oenococcus oeni - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenococcus_oeni

    Diacetyl. Diacetyl in wine is produced by lactic acid bacteria, mainly Oe. oeni. In low levels, it can impart positive nutty or caramel characters, but at levels above 5 mg/L, it creates an intense buttery or butterscotch flavour, where it is perceived as a flaw. The sensory threshold for the compound can vary depending on the levels of certain ...

  8. Pediococcus damnosus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediococcus_damnosus

    Identification of spoilage associated diacetyl in strains of P. damnosus can be used to determine the risk of spoilage in the brewery environment. Diacetyl is a plasmid encoded trait that can be identified through diagnostic marker genes (DMG). Diagnostic marker genes are used for the identification of different bacterial groups. [3]

  9. Brewing methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing_methods

    The dropping process has two primary effects on the beer being fermented: the trub that has settled during the first period of fermentation will be left behind, leaving a cleaner beer and a cleaner yeast to crop from the beer for the next fermentation; the second effect is the aeration of the wort, which results in healthy clean yeast growth ...