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To enter the spirit world, trance has to be initiated by a shaman through the hunting of a tutelary spirit or power animal. [7] The eland often serves as power animal. [8] The fat of the eland is used symbolically in many rituals including initiations and rites of passage.
The compound term Khoisan / Khoesān is a modern anthropological convention in use since the early-to-mid 20th century. Khoisan is a coinage by Leonhard Schulze in the 1920s and popularised by Isaac Schapera. [6] It entered wider usage from the 1960s based on the proposal of a "Khoisan" language family by Joseph Greenberg.
In East Africa, Tabwa mythology portrays the spotted hyena as a solar animal that first brought the sun to warm the cold earth. [4] In the culture of the Mbugwe in Tanzania, the spotted hyena is linked to witchcraft. According to Mbugwe folklore, every witch possesses one or more hyenas, which are referred to as "night cattle" and are branded ...
Map of modern distribution of "Khoisan" languages. The territories shaded blue and green, and those to their east, are those of San peoples. The San peoples (also Saan), or Bushmen, are the members of any of the indigenous hunter-gatherer cultures of southern Africa, and the oldest surviving cultures of the region. [2]
The accepted term for the two people being Khoisan. [2] The designation "Khoekhoe" is actually a kare or praise address, not an ethnic endonym, but it has been used in the literature as an ethnic term for Khoe-speaking peoples of Southern Africa, particularly pastoralist groups, such as the Griqua, Gona, Nama, Khoemana and Damara nations.
Khoisan is a catch-all term for the "non-Bantu" indigenous peoples of Southern Africa. Khoisan may also refer to: Khoisan mythology; Khoisan languages, a group of distinct African languages that use click consonants and do not belong to other African language families; Khoisan X (Benny Alexander; 1955–2010), South African political activist
The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa: Bushmen and Hottentots. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Routledge & Kegan Paul. This article relating to an African myth or legend is a stub .
ǃKung constituted one of the branches of the putative Khoisan language family, and was called Northern Khoisan in that scenario, but the unity of Khoisan has never been demonstrated and is now regarded as spurious. Nonetheless, the anthropological term "Khoisan" has been retained as an umbrella term for click languages in general.