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[62] [63] For example, a permaculture farm in Cuba began with 9 tiger worms in 2001 and 15 years later had a population of over 500,000. [64] The worm castings are particularly useful as part of a seed starting mix and regular fertilizer. Worm castings are reportedly more successful than conventional compost for seed starting. [63]
Rice-duck farming is the polycultural practice of raising ducks and rice on the same land. It has existed in different forms for centuries in Asian countries including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, sometimes also involving fish. The practice is beneficial as it yields harvests of both rice and ducks.
An example of the latter is the farming of plankton and seaweed, shellfish like shrimp or oysters, and marine finfish, in saltwater ponds. Non-food products produced by mariculture include: fish meal , nutrient agar , jewellery (e.g. cultured pearls ), and cosmetics .
Underwater Eucheuma farming in the Philippines A seaweed farmer in Nusa Lembongan (Indonesia) gathers edible seaweed that has grown on a rope. Seaweed farming or kelp farming is the practice of cultivating and harvesting seaweed. In its simplest form farmers gather from natural beds, while at the other extreme farmers fully control the crop's ...
Syntropic farming, syntropic agriculture or syntropic agroforestry is an organic, permaculture agroforestry system developed by Ernst Götsch in Brazil. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] Sometimes this system is referred to as a successional agroforestry systems or SAFS , which sometimes refer to a broader concept originating in Latin America. [ 58 ]
Agriculture in the Philippines is a major sector of the economy, ranking third among the sectors in 2022 behind only Services and Industry. Its outputs include staples like rice and corn, but also export crops such as coffee , cavendish banana , pineapple and pineapple products, coconut , sugar , and mango . [ 1 ]
In permaculture, sheet mulching is an agricultural no-dig gardening technique that attempts to mimic the natural soil-building process in forests. When deployed properly and in combination with other permaculture principles, it can generate healthy, productive, and low maintenance ecosystems .
Examples of attempts at self-sufficiency in North America include simple living, food storage, homesteading, off-the-grid, survivalism, DIY ethic, and the back-to-the-land movement. Practices that enable or aid self-sustainability include autonomous building , permaculture , sustainable agriculture , and renewable energy .