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Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Fromkin, David (2009). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-8050-8809-0. Finkel, Caroline (2007). Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books.
Anglo-Ottoman (1913) United Kingdom 1914 Yeniköy accord (Armenian reforms), (1914) Western Armenia: 1917 Erzincan: Russian SFSR: 1918 Brest Litovsk: Russian SFSR, Germany, Austria-Hungary 1918 Trabzon: Transcaucasian Sejm: 1918 Batum: Armenia: 1918 Mudros: United Kingdom 1920 Sèvres: Allies (United Kingdom, France, Italy, and others)
The Mosul question was a territorial dispute in the early 20th century between Turkey and the United Kingdom (later Iraq) over the possession of the former Ottoman Mosul vilayet. The Mosul vilayet was part of the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I , when it was occupied by Britain.
"Chronology of Ottoman history, 1260-1914". An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-34315-2. Karen Armstrong (2001), "Chronology; Chapter 4: Islam Triumphant, The Ottoman Empire", Islam: A Short History, London: Phoenix Publishing
Treaty of Buchach: Ottoman Empire gains Podolia and parts of Central Ukraine. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is turned into a fief of the Ottoman Empire for 4 years; Treaty of Żurawno: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth regains Bila Tserkva and Pavoloch [143] 1676–1681 Russo-Turkish War: Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate: Tsardom of Russia ...
The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between some of the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire, but not ratified.The treaty would have required the cession of large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well as creating large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire.
The treaty ceded vast territories, including Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, parts of Poland and Ukraine to the Central Powers. [4] Despite this enormous German success, the manpower required by the Germans to occupy the captured territory may have contributed to the failure of their Spring Offensive , and secured relatively little food or ...
According to A History of the Modern Middle East (2018) by William L. Cleveland, the declining empire had various unlikely successes during the war and "its ability to endure four years of total warfare testified to the tenacity with which its civilian and military populations defended the Ottoman order."