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In Semitic linguistics, the elative (Arabic: اِسْمُ تَفْضِيل ismu tafḍīl, literally meaning "noun of preference") is a stage of gradation that can be used to express comparatives or superlatives. The Arabic elative has a special inflection similar to that of colour and defect adjectives but differs in the
Arabic nouns and adjectives are declined according to case, state, gender and number. While this is strictly true in Classical Arabic, in colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as loss of certain final vowels and loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives.
The comparative of superiority: The comparative form is the same whether the adjective is feminine or masculine. [3] [6] Adjectives composed of 3 consonants with a full vowel on the second The comparative form is formed by adding a before the adjective and by replacing the full vowel with a breve vowel, plus min after the adjective. E.g.
There are no separate comparative and superlative forms but the elative is used in both cases. [33] The elative is formed by adding a hamza at the beginning of the adjective and replace the vowels by "a" (pattern: أفعل ʾafʕal / aCCaC). [20] Adjective endings in ي (i) and و (u) are changed into ی (a).
The comparative degrees are frequently associated with adjectives and adverbs because these words take the -er suffix or modifying word more or less. (e.g., faster, more intelligent, less wasteful). Comparison can also, however, appear when no adjective or adverb is present, for instance with nouns (e.g., more men than women).
The EAPCOUNT project comes as a response to the unsatisfactory performance of general-purpose dictionaries (Zanettin, 2009), especially when it comes to translation studies and comparative research involving Arabic. It was also motivated by the increasing demands for cross-lingual research and information retrieval (Salhi, 2010).
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Adjective-Noun Compounds: Adjective-noun compounds involve the combination where an adjective modifies a noun. This construction can be found in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), as well as in other Arabic dialects. [8] In MSA, examples of such combinations like "خفيف+الظل" (xafiif + ðˤ-ðˤill) meaning "a funny person." [9]: 547 [10]