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  2. Retinyl palmitate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitate

    Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen.

  3. Retinol-binding protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol-binding_protein

    Retinol plays a crucial role in the growth and differentiation of various body tissues, and it has been previously characterized that embryos are extremely sensitive to alterations in retinol concentration that can lead to spontaneous abortion and malformations occurring during development.

  4. Hypervitaminosis A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_A

    Retinyl esters can be distinguished from retinol in serum and other tissues and quantified with the use of methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography. [21] Elevated amounts of retinyl ester (i.e., >10% of total circulating vitamin A) in the fasting state have been used as markers for chronic hypervitaminosis A in humans and monkeys ...

  5. RPE65 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPE65

    Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (also known as RPE65) is a retinoid isomerohydrolase enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle. [5] [6] RPE65 is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE, a layer of epithelial cells that nourish the photoreceptor cells) and is responsible for the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol during phototransduction.

  6. Retinoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoid

    The major source of retinoids in human diet are plant pigments such as carotenes and retinyl esters derived from animal sources. [15] Retinyl esters are transported through the chylomicron pathway to the liver or fat tissue while retinol or carotenes are transported from the enterocytes to the liver and are processed into retinyl esters by LRAT ...

  7. Dermatologists Say These Are the Best Gentle Retinol Serums ...

    www.aol.com/dermatologists-editors-best-retinol...

    Dr. Shirazi says Retinyl Palmitate is the lightest and most gentle form of retinol. “I call it the chamomile tea version since it has to be converted three times to have an effect on the skin.

  8. Retinoic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoic_acid

    Retinoic acid (simplified nomenclature for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A 1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development, male fertility, regulation of bone growth and immune function. [2]

  9. Risk and Safety Statements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_and_Safety_Statements

    Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds.