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A shorter interval may be appropriate if the pregnancy ended in abortion or miscarriage. [2] If the mother has had a prior C-section , it is advisable to wait before giving birth again due to the risk of uterine rupture in the mother during childbirth, with recommendations of a minimum inter-delivery interval ranging from a year to three years.
It has been suggested that pregnancies resulting from failures of periodic abstinence methods are at increased risk of miscarriage and birth defects due to aged gametes at the time of conception. [36] Other research suggests that timing of conception has no effect on miscarriage rates, [37] low birth weight, or preterm delivery. [38]
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is an end to pregnancy resulting in the loss and expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the womb before it can survive independently. [1] [4] Miscarriage before 6 weeks of gestation is defined as biochemical loss by ESHRE.
Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy. It is defined as the loss of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. The most common symptom of miscarriage is vaginal bleeding with or without pain. The miscarriage may be evidenced by a clot-like material passing through and out of the vagina. [157]
The obstetric history of a female who has had four pregnancies, one of which was a miscarriage before 20 weeks, would be noted in the GPA system as G 4 P 3 A 1 and in the GP system as G 4 P 3. The obstetric history of a female who has had one pregnancy of twins with successful outcomes would be noted as G 1 P 1+1. [16]
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation , after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth . [ 8 ]
Recurrent miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the spontaneous loss of 2-3 pregnancies that is estimated to affect up to 5% of women. The exact number of pregnancy losses and gestational weeks used to define RPL differs among medical societies. [1]
Perinatal mortality (PNM) is the death of a fetus or neonate and is the basis to calculate the perinatal mortality rate. [1] Perinatal means "relating to the period starting a few weeks before birth and including the birth and a few weeks after birth."