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The Province of Venezuela in 1656, by Sanson Nicolas. One of the first maps about Venezuela and near regions. 5 July 1811 (fragment), painting by Juan Lovera in 1811.. The history of Venezuela reflects events in areas of the Americas colonized by Spain starting 1502; amid resistance from indigenous peoples, led by Native caciques, such as Guaicaipuro and Tamanaco.
Venezuela, [c] officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, [d] is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of 916,445 km 2 (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. [18]
The first uprising in Venezuela took place in 1835 against the government of José María Vargas, by the conservative Congress and José Antonio Páez. The most recent was the one that took place on April 11, 2002, which caused the brief overthrow of Hugo Chávez and the installation of a de facto government by Pedro Carmona Estanga .
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The first independence attempts took place in Venezuela at the end of the 18th century. The first of them tries twice in 1806 to invade the Venezuelan territory through La Vela de Coro, led by General Francisco de Miranda, with an armed expedition coming from Haiti.
Between 1830 and 1903 Venezuela lived through 50 years of war, with a total of 166 armed revolts. [8] It is estimated that there were a million war casualties, [ 9 ] with 70% of them being non-combatants killed by the plagues, famines, anarchy and political repression that wars brought.
Independence Day (Spanish: Día de la Independencia), also known as the Fifth of July (Cinco de Julio) is the national independence holiday of Venezuela, marked every year on July 5 which celebrates the anniversary since the enactment of the 1811 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence, making the country the first Spanish colony in South America to declare independence. [1]