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EK31 engine of Subaru 360. The 360 featured an air-cooled, two-stroke inline 2-cylinder 356 cc engine mounted transversely at the rear, and was introduced March 3, 1958. [2]As with many other small two-stroke gas-engined cars, oil needed to be premixed with the petrol (gasoline), with the fuel tank lid serving as a measuring cup.
For the first time in a Subaru engine, the centerlines of the cylinder bores do not intersect with the crankshaft axis to reduce friction during the piston downstroke; instead, there is a crank offset of 8 mm (0.31 in). Overall thermal efficiency is 40% due to the adoption of lean-burn combustion with an excess air ratio (λ) of 2. [32]
The first Subaru model sold in America, the 360 had an MSRP of $1,297 and was marketed with the slogan "Cheap and ugly does it!" [ 40 ] The 360 was a commercial failure in North America. Car and Driver , in a period review, called it one of the ugliest cars in history and "the most bulbous bubble ever to putt-putt."
The first Subarus to enter the US were [12] the 1968-1969 Subaru 360 and the 1970 Subaru FF-1 Star. Less than six months after the company formed, it became a public company and has been from 1968. [10] Subaru of America became the only import car company that was publicly traded, making small fortunes for Bricklin and COO Harvey Lamm. [13]
Subaru currently offers a Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle certified Legacy, Outback, Impreza, [83] XV/Crosstrek [84] and Forester models [85] which are available for sale anywhere in the U.S. Subaru PZEV vehicles meet California's Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle exhaust emission standard. [81] All other models have been certified LEV2.
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