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Counterfactual thinking is a concept in psychology that involves the human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred; something that is contrary to what actually happened.
This involves counterfactual analysis, that is, "a comparison between what actually happened and what would have happened in the absence of the intervention." [2] Impact evaluations seek to answer cause-and-effect questions. In other words, they look for the changes in outcome that are directly attributable to a program. [3]
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First, overdetermination is problematic in particular from the viewpoint of a standard counterfactual understanding of causation, according to which an event is the cause of another event if and only if the latter would not have occurred, had the former not occurred. In order to employ this formula to actual complex situations, implicit or ...
Counterfactual thinking, in psychology; Counterfactual thought experiments, in philosophy, science, etc. Counterfactual history, in historiography; Alternate history, a literary genre; Counterfactual subjunctive, grammatical forms which in English are known as the past and pluperfect forms of the English subjunctive mood
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the discipline of sociology: . Sociology – the study of society [1] using various methods of empirical investigation [2] and critical analysis [3] to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure.