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Occasionally, when there was a particularly urgent need to solve German naval Enigma keys, such as when an Arctic convoy was about to depart, mines would be laid by the RAF in a defined position, whose grid reference in the German naval system did not contain any of the words (such as sechs or sieben) for which abbreviations or alternatives ...
Enigma without a plugboard (known as unsteckered Enigma) could be solved relatively straightforwardly using hand methods; these techniques were generally defeated by the plugboard, driving Allied cryptanalysts to develop special machines to solve it.
Enigma machine, solved by Rejewski in 1932 The Enigma machine was an electromechanical device, equipped with a 26-letter keyboard and 26 lamps, corresponding to the letters of the alphabet. Inside was a set of wired drums ( rotors and a reflector ) that scrambled the input.
Solved (solution given within the short story) 1917 Zimmermann Telegram: Solved within days of transmission 1918 Chaocipher: Solved 1918–1945 Enigma machine messages Solved (broken by Polish and Allied cryptographers between 1932 and 1945) 1939 D'Agapeyeff cipher: Unsolved 1939–1945 Purple cipher machine messages
In January 1938 [1] Mayer — cryptologist Marian Rejewski was to recall — "directed that statistics be compiled for a two-week [test] period, comparing the [quantities of Enigma-message] material solved, with the [quantities of] Enigma-enciphered material intercepted by the radiotelegraphers.
Heinrich Döring and Hans Pietsch, were sent to interrogate the Polish prisoners, and had drawn a blank, it became evident that the Polish at Wicher had solved Enigma traffic, and moved to France. OKH/Chi never realised that the Polish cipher bureau had been researching the Enigma, in one form or another, from about 1920. The mathematicians of ...
The British made no further headway, but the Poles realized that what was manifesting was Enigma's exclusivity principle that they had discovered in 1932. The Germans' carelessness meant that now the Poles, having after midnight solved Enigma's daily setting, could with no further effort also read the Luftwaffe signals. [58] [f]
The key-settings lists provided by Schmidt helped fill in enough of the unknowns in Rejewski's formulae, allowing him to speedily solve the equations and recover the wirings. That accomplished, the Poles were henceforth able to read Enigma traffic for nearly seven years to the outbreak of World War II as well as for a time into the War, while ...