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Video of a Venturi meter used in a lab experiment Idealized flow in a Venturi tube. The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it flows from one section of a pipe to a smaller section. The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the 18th-century Italian physicist Giovanni Battista ...
A Venturi meter with two pressure instruments open to the ambient air. ( p > 0 {\displaystyle p>0} and g > 0 {\displaystyle g>0} ) If the meter is turned upside down, we say by convention that g < 0 {\displaystyle g<0} and the fluid inside the vertical columns will pour out the two holes.
Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. [1]:
For air with a heat capacity ratio =, then =; other gases have in the range 1.09 (e.g. butane) to 1.67 (monatomic gases), so the critical pressure ratio varies in the range < / <, which means that, depending on the gas, choked flow usually occurs when the downstream static pressure drops to below 0.487 to 0.587 times the absolute pressure in ...
The cone meter is a generic yet robust differential pressure (DP) meter that has shown to be resistant to effects of asymmetric and swirling flow. While working with the same basic principles as Venturi and orifice type DP meters, cone meters don't require the same upstream and downstream piping. [9]
The original purpose of the Venturi meter was to measure the amount of water used by the individual water mills in the Holyoke area. [10] A flow of air through a venturi meter, showing the columns connected in a U-shape (a manometer) and partially filled with water. The meter is "read" as a differential pressure head in cm or inches of water.
In fluid dynamics, stagnation pressure, also referred to as total pressure, is what the pressure would be if all the kinetic energy of the fluid were to be converted into pressure in a reversable manner. [1]: § 3.2 ; it is defined as the sum of the free-stream static pressure and the free-stream dynamic pressure. [2]
The Venturi flume consists of a flume with a constricted section in the center. By the Venturi effect, this causes a drop in the fluid pressure at the center of the constriction. By comparing the fluid pressure at the center of the flume with that earlier in the device, the rate of flow can be measured. [4] [5]