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Copper in biology. Normal absorption and distribution of copper. Cu = copper, CP = ceruloplasmin, green = ATP7B carrying copper. Copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (plants, animals and microorganisms ). In humans, copper is essential to the proper functioning of organs and metabolic processes.
In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element. Some "minerals" are essential for life, but most are not. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients; the others are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [ 4] The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus ...
In the U.S. and Canada, the Reference Daily Intake ( RDI) is used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products to indicate the daily intake level of a nutrient that is considered to be sufficient to meet the requirements of 97–98% of healthy individuals in every demographic in the United States.
Micronutrients are nutrients such as vitamins and minerals required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain health. [1] [2] The following is a list of micronutrients used by various living organisms. For human-specific nutrients, see Mineral (nutrient).
Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined either as insufficient copper to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [ 1] Symptoms may include fatigue, decreased red blood cells, early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and ataxia. [ 2]
The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) sets tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient. In the case of copper the adult UL is set at 10 mg/day. [4] Copper gluconate is sold as a dietary supplement to provide copper. The typical dose is 2.0 mg copper per day.
Micronutrient. Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities to regulate physiological functions of cells and organs. [ 1][ 2] Micronutrients support the health of organisms throughout life. [ 3][ 4][ 5] In varying amounts supplied through the diet, micronutrients include such compounds as vitamins ...
Dietary Reference Intake. The Dietary Reference Intake ( DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) [ a] of the National Academies (United States). [ 1] It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances ( RDA s, see below).
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