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The incidence of eye injuries during general anaesthesia has been studied, and different methods of eye protection have been compared. [citation needed] When eyes are untaped during general anaesthesia, the incidence of ocular injury has been reported to be as high as 44%. [ 1][ 2] If tape is used to hold the eyes closed, ocular injury occurs ...
General anaesthesia. General anaesthesia (UK) or general anesthesia (US) is a method of medically inducing loss of consciousness that renders a patient unarousable even with painful stimuli. [ 5] This effect is achieved by administering either intravenous or inhalational general anaesthetic medications, which often act in combination with an ...
To determine the depth of anesthesia, the anesthetist relies on a series of physical signs of the patient. In 1847, John Snow (1813–1858) [1] and Francis Plomley [2] attempted to describe various stages of general anesthesia, but Guedel in 1937 described a detailed system which was generally accepted. [3] [4] [5]
General anaesthesia. General anaesthesia is preferred for ocular surgeries in anxious adults, psychiatric patients, infants and children. [ 5] It is also indicated in perforating ocular injuries and major surgeries like exenteration. During the surgery, it has to be ensured that no carbon dioxide retention occurs.
Anesthesia awareness. Awareness under anesthesia, also referred to as intraoperative awareness or accidental awareness during general anesthesia ( AAGA ), is a rare complication of general anesthesia where patients regain varying levels of consciousness during their surgical procedures. While anesthesia awareness is possible without resulting ...
A retrobulbar block is a regional anesthetic nerve block in the retrobulbar space, which is the area located behind the globe of the eye. Injection of local anesthetic into this space constitutes the retrobulbar block. This injection provides akinesia of the extraocular muscles by blocking cranial nerves II, III, and VI, thereby preventing ...
Cataract surgery is the most common application of lens removal surgery, and is usually associated with lens replacement. It is used to remove the natural lens of the eye when it has developed a cataract, a cloudy area in the lens that causes visual impairment. [ 4][ 10] Cataracts usually develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. [ 4]
Chalazion removal surgery is performed under local or general anesthesia. Commonly, general anesthesia is administered in children to make sure they stay still and no injury to the eye occurs. Local anesthesia is used in adults and it is applied with a small injection into the eyelid. The discomfort of the injection is minimized with the help ...