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Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. [1] [2] Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses —have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication).
t. e. The Mu variant, also known as lineage B.1.621 or VUI-21JUL-1, is one of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It was first detected in Colombia in January 2021 and was designated by the WHO as a variant of interest on August 30, 2021. [1] The WHO said the variant has mutations that indicate a risk of resistance to ...
The 2009 swine flu pandemic, caused by the H1N1/swine flu/influenza virusand declared by the World Health Organization(WHO) from June 2009 to August 2010, was the third recent flu pandemic involving the H1N1 virus (the first being the 1918–1920 Spanish flupandemic and the second being the 1977 Russian flu). [12][13]The first identified human ...
In the first ten years since the virus arrived in the U.S., over 1,100 deaths occurred with human cases reported from every U.S. state except Maine, Alaska and Hawaii. (Animal cases have been occasionally found in Maine and in Puerto Rico.) [4] In 2012, there was a widespread outbreak with the highest death toll and second-highest total case ...
By the time the virus is identified, many names have been used to denote the same virus. Another source of ambiguity in names is that sometimes a virus initially identified as a completely new virus is found to be a variation of an earlier known virus, in which cases, it is often renamed.
The timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic lists the articles containing the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, [1] the virus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19) and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic . The first human cases of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, on or about 17 November 2019. [2]
The QR code system was invented in 1994, at the Denso Wave automotive products company, in Japan. [5] [6] [7] The initial alternating-square design presented by the team of researchers, headed by Masahiro Hara, was influenced by the black counters and the white counters played on a Go board; [8] the pattern of position detection was found and determined by applying the least-used ratio (1:1:3 ...
The Influenza A virus subtypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human pandemic deaths, are: [citation needed] H1N1 caused Spanish flu, 1977 Russian flu, and the 2009 swine flu pandemic ( novel H1N1) H2N2 caused Asian flu. H3N2 caused Hong Kong flu. H5N1 is bird flu, endemic in avians.