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[34] [209] If treatment is started late in the infection, prognosis is not as good: [34] for example, if treatment is begun following the diagnosis of AIDS, life expectancy is ~10–40 years. [ 34 ] [ 204 ] Half of infants born with HIV die before two years of age without treatment.
Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS. HIV is commonly transmitted via unprotected sexual activity, blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child. Upon acquisition of the virus, the virus replicates inside and kills T helper cells, which are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. There is an initial period of influenza-like ...
The HIV set point is the viral load or number of virions in the blood of a person infected with HIV. HIV infections are broken down into three stages: acute infection, asymptomatic infection, and AIDS. The acute infection stage refers to the first weeks after infection, where the majority of infected individuals display severe flu-like symptoms ...
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [ 1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
The window period is the time from infection until a test can detect any change. The average window period with HIV-1 antibody tests is 25 days for subtype B. Antigen testing cuts the window period to approximately 16 days and nucleic acid testing (NAT) further reduces this period to 12 days.
In December 2014, PEPFAR announced a program PEPFAR 3.0 focusing on Sustainable Control of the AIDS epidemic. This program was designed to address the UNAIDS "90-90-90" global goal: 90 percent of people with HIV diagnosed, 90 percent of them on ART and 90 percent of them virally suppressed by the year 2020. [11]
Main symptoms of acute HIV infection. Acute HIV infection, primary HIV infection or acute seroconversion syndrome [1]: 416 is the first stage of HIV infection. It occurs after the incubation stage, before the latency stage, and the potential AIDS succeeding the latency stage.
Common symptoms that develop over the first couple of years of life include enlargement of the liver and spleen (70%), rash (70%), fever (40%), neurosyphilis (20%), and lung inflammation (20%). [7] If untreated, late congenital syphilis may occur in 40%, including saddle nose deformation, Higouménakis' sign , saber shin , or Clutton's joints ...
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