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Most U.S. brewers sell beer in 1 ⁄ 2 barrels of 15.5 gallons, 1 ⁄ 4 barrels of 7.75 gallons, and 1 ⁄ 6 barrels of 5.17 gallons. Since keg sizes are not standardized, the keg cannot be used as a standard unit of measure for liquid volumes. Despite this, a number of people still refer to kegs as if they were a unit of measure.
A butt approximately equated to 108 imperial gallons (130 US gallons; 491 litres) for ale or 105 imperial gallons (126 US gallons; 477 litres) for wine (also known as a pipe), although the Oxford English Dictionary notes that "these standards were not always precisely adhered to". [1] [2]
[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [6] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds). The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.
The American Twelfth (10 2 ⁄ 3 US oz [315 mL], or 1 ⁄ 12 of a US gallon), American Commercial Pint (12.8 US fl oz [379 mL], or 1 ⁄ 10 of a US gallon) / British Reputed Pint (13 1 ⁄ 3 imp oz [379 mL], or 1 ⁄ 12 an Imperial gallon), and the Canadian "stubby" bottle (12 imp oz [341 mL]) may have been factors.
Both the 42-US-gallon (159 L) barrels (based on the old English wine measure), the tierce (159 litres) and the 40-US-gallon (150 L) whiskey barrels were used. Also, 45-US-gallon (170 L) barrels were in common use. The 40 gallon whiskey barrel was the most common size used by early oil producers, since they were readily available at the time.
A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56–61 gallons (0.255–0.277 m 3). [ citation needed ] Eventually, a hogshead of wine came to be 52.5 imperial gallons (238.669725 L ) (63 US gallons), while a hogshead of beer or ale came to be 54 gallons (249.5421 L with the pre-1824 beer and ale gallon, or 245.48886 L with the imperial gallon).
From the mid 15th century until 1688 the ale firkin was defined as 8 ale or beer gallons (36.97 litres). In 1688 the ale firkin was redefined to be 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 ale or beer gallons (39.28 L). In 1803 ale firkin was again redefined to be 9 ale or beer gallons (41.59 L), equivalent to the beer firkin. firkin (Beer)
Pressurised CO 2 in the keg's headspace maintains carbonation in the beer. The CO 2 pressure varies depending on the amount of CO 2 already in the beer and the keg storage temperature. Occasionally the CO 2 gas is blended with nitrogen gas. CO 2 / nitrogen blends are used to allow a higher operating pressure in complex dispensing systems.