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In Europe, the most common keg size is 50 liters. This includes the UK, which uses a non-metric standard keg of 11 imperial gallons, which is, by coincidence, equal to 50.007 litres. The German DIN 6647-1 and DIN 6647-2 have also defined kegs in the sizes of 30 and 20 liters.
A butt approximately equated to 108 imperial gallons (130 US gallons; 491 litres) for ale or 105 imperial gallons (126 US gallons; 477 litres) for wine (also known as a pipe), although the Oxford English Dictionary notes that "these standards were not always precisely adhered to". [1] [2]
[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [6] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds). The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.
[1] [2] They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; [ 3 ] a small barrel or cask is known as a keg .
The American Twelfth (10 2 ⁄ 3 US oz [315 mL], or 1 ⁄ 12 of a US gallon), American Commercial Pint (12.8 US fl oz [379 mL], or 1 ⁄ 10 of a US gallon) / British Reputed Pint (13 1 ⁄ 3 imp oz [379 mL], or 1 ⁄ 12 an Imperial gallon), and the Canadian "stubby" bottle (12 imp oz [341 mL]) may have been factors.
A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56–61 gallons (0.255–0.277 m 3). [ citation needed ] Eventually, a hogshead of wine came to be 52.5 imperial gallons (238.669725 L ) (63 US gallons), while a hogshead of beer or ale came to be 54 gallons (249.5421 L with the pre-1824 beer and ale gallon, or 245.48886 L with the imperial gallon).
The quarter of wine was a gallon larger than a hogshead: [15] since the wine gallon was considered to be 231 cubic inches, [17] the measure was 242.27 litres. The ale gallon was 282 cubic inches, [18] meaning the quarter of ale was 295.75 litres. Cardarelli also says it can vary from 17 to 30 imperial gallons for liquor. [19]
Both the 42-US-gallon (159 L) barrels (based on the old English wine measure), the tierce (159 litres) and the 40-US-gallon (150 L) whiskey barrels were used. Also, 45-US-gallon (170 L) barrels were in common use. The 40 gallon whiskey barrel was the most common size used by early oil producers, since they were readily available at the time.