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Water content and cloud thickness together make a cloud's liquid water path. This value also notably varies with changing cloud droplet size. [ 6 ] Liquid water path is typically measured in units of g/m 2 and in excess of 20 g/m 2 clouds typically will become opaque to long-wavelength light although this may not hold true with cirrus clouds.
The albedo of several types of roofs (lower values means higher temperatures). Reflective surfaces, or ground-based albedo modification (GBAM), is a solar radiation management method of enhancing Earth's albedo (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths of the Sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface).
Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets [1] and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets, [2] published before any successful direct or indirect observation of an ...
A European Space Agency satellite has observed the shiniest exoplanet ever discovered. The scorching world has reflective clouds made of silicates and titanium.
The albedos of planets, satellites and minor planets such as asteroids can be used to infer much about their properties. The study of albedos, their dependence on wavelength, lighting angle ("phase angle"), and variation in time composes a major part of the astronomical field of photometry. For small and far objects that cannot be resolved by ...
Largest does not always equate to being the best telescopes, and overall light gathering power of the optical system can be a poor measure of a telescope's performance. Space-based telescopes , such as the Hubble Space Telescope , take advantage of being above the Earth's atmosphere to reach higher resolution and greater light gathering through ...
The planet absorbs the radiation that isn't reflected by the albedo, and heats up. One may assume that the planet radiates energy like a blackbody at some temperature according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law. Thermal equilibrium exists when the power supplied by the star is equal to the power emitted by the planet.
Issues included the large amount of material needed to make the disc and also the energy to launch it to its orbit. [ 6 ] In 2004, physicist and science fiction author Gregory Benford calculated that a concave rotating Fresnel lens 1000 kilometres across, yet only a few millimeters thick, floating in space at the L 1 point, would reduce the ...