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Self-leveling concrete was invented in 1952 by Axel Karlsson from Sweden. The first product was a combination of wood glue, fine sand and cement with additives. [1] It was called flytspackel, which directly translates to "floating putty". The term self-leveling can be traced back to a patent applied by the company Lafarge in 1997. [2]
In civil engineering, concrete leveling is a procedure that attempts to correct an uneven concrete surface by altering the foundation that the surface sits upon. It is a cheaper alternative to having replacement concrete poured and is commonly performed at small businesses and private homes as well as at factories, warehouses, airports and on roads, highways and other infrastructure.
An alternative raised floor application with disposable formworks from job site in Turkey A suction-cup tile lifter has been used to remove a tile.. A raised floor (also raised flooring, access floor(ing), or raised-access computer floor) provides an elevated structural floor above a solid substrate (often a concrete slab) to create a hidden void for the passage of mechanical and electrical ...
Turning is a term used when referring to moving the level to take an elevation shot from a different location. To "turn" the level, one must first take a reading and record the elevation of the point the rod is located on. While the rod is being kept in exactly the same location, the level is moved to a new location where the rod is still visible.
A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle. Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many layered surfaces made with modern technology. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other material that can support the expected load. The levels of a building are often referred to as floors, although sometimes referred to as storeys.
The concept of a laser level has been around since at least the early 1970s, [2] the original spinning-mirror design laser plane and line level was patented by the late 1980s, [3] and the compact lens-based laser line level (as produced by many tool manufacturers today) was patented in the late 1990s. It was invented by Oscar Soliz in the late ...
The Y level or wye level is the oldest and bulkiest of the older style optical instruments. A low-powered telescope is placed in a pair of clamp mounts, and the instrument then leveled using a spirit level, which is mounted parallel to the main telescope. The term dumpy level (also builder's level) endures despite the evolution in design. They ...
Floors 92–100 contain communications equipment [4] and so are not typically counted as mechanical since they do not service the building itself. One World Trade Center: Floors 2–19, 92–99, and 103–104 – total 28/104, 26%). Previous WTC (Twin Towers): Floors 7–8, 41–42, 75–76, and 108–109 – total 8/110, 7%. The 110th Floor of ...