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Hertel exophthalmometers take a measurement from the lateral orbital rim to the corneal apex. If a patient presents with an orbital fracture or after lateral orbitotomy, the use of a Hertel exophthalmometer may be complicated because the lateral orbital rim serves as a reference point for this instrument.
After the First World War, Hertel moved to Berlin before leaving for the University of Leipzig in 1920, where he remained until his retirement in 1935. Hertel invented the Hertel exophthalmometer, a method of measuring eye displacement. With his colleague, Jakob Stilling, he developed the Stilling-Hertel test for colour vision deficiency.
small slender spring-open scissors for intraoccular maneuvers (iris and deeper and more delicate structures); has two wings to operate it and one sharp and one blunt blade. •Enucleation scissors: thick scissors used to cut the optic nerve in enucleation operation Bowman's lacrimal probe: probing the nasolacrimal duct: Lens expressor
Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).
Hertel & Reuss was a manufacturer of optical instruments based in Kassel, Germany, which emerged around 1995 following the bankruptcy of its predecessor company (founded in 1927 by Otto Hertel and Eduard Reuss.) The owners of Hertel & Reuss KG were Herr Eduard Reuss and his two sons Herr Gerhard Reuss and Herr Helmut Reuss.
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"Phoropter" is one of several generic names for modern instruments containing an optometer for each eye (battery of lenses for determination of optical error), combined with prisms and other attachments for measuring binocularity. The term refractor is another such term, and "vision tester" or other descriptive terms are used because "phoroptor ...
The prism cover test (PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists, orthoptists, and optometrists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]