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The convalescent phase is characterized by gradual tissue depigmentation of skin with vitiligo and poliosis, sometimes with nummular depigmented scars, as well as alopecia and diffuse fundus depigmentation resulting in a classic orange-red discoloration ("sunset glow fundus" [5] [8] [7]) and retinal pigment epithelium clumping and/or migration.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes L80-L81 within Chapter XII: Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue should be included in this category. Disturbances of human pigmentation, either loss or reduction, may be related to loss of melanocytes or the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or transport melanosomes correctly.
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an acquired inflammatory uveitis that belongs to the heterogenous group of white dot syndromes in which light-coloured (yellowish-white) lesions begin to form in the macular area of the retina.
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is a harmless, pigmented fundus lesion that can be of various forms: solitary, grouped, and atypical, [1] and are found through clinical eye screenings from digital retinal imaging often established by ophthalmologists. [2]
Often, hypopigmentation can be brought on by laser treatments; however, the hypopigmentation can be treated with other lasers or light sources. [6] Micropigmentation can also be used to obtain a more normal appearance of the hypopigmentated skin.
Macular hypoplasia (or foveal hypoplasia) is a rare medical condition involving the underdevelopment of the macula, [1] a small area on the retina (the eye's internal surface) responsible for seeing in detail and sensing light. [2] Macular hypoplasia is often associated with albinism. [1]
Macular hard drusen in the right eye. 65-year-old diabetic woman. Drusen , from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye .
Skin pigmentation is frequently caused by sun exposure. To protect itself against UV radiation from the sun, the body makes more melanin. As a result, the skin may become more pigmented to protect it from the sun's rays. [4] The pigmentation of the skin may also be lightened by certain drugs.