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In the analysis of multivariate observations designed to assess subjects with respect to an attribute, a Guttman scale (named after Louis Guttman) is a single (unidimensional) ordinal scale for the assessment of the attribute, from which the original observations may be reproduced. The discovery of a Guttman scale in data depends on their ...
Guttman research interests were in the fields of scale and factor analysis, multidimensional scaling and facet theory. [4] His mathematical and philosophical treatments of Factor analysis are among the important parts of his scientific legacy. His earlier work in scaling analysis produced what has become to be known as the Guttman scale. [5]
The well known Guttman scale [25] [24] (example: 1111, 1121, 1131, 2131, 2231, 2232) is simply a 1-d scalogram, i.e. one all of whose profiles are comparable. The procedure of identifying and interpreting the coordinate scales X 1 ...
The Bogardus social distance scale is a cumulative scale (a Guttman scale), because agreement with any item implies agreement with all preceding items. Research by Bogardus first in 1925 and then repeated in 1946, 1956, and 1966 shows that the extent of social distancing in the US is decreasing slightly and fewer distinctions are being made ...
The item-total correlation approach is a way of identifying a group of questions whose responses can be combined into a single measure or scale. This is a simple approach that works by ensuring that, when considered across a whole population, responses to the questions in the group tend to vary together and, in particular, that responses to no individual question are poorly related to an ...
While Mokken scaling analysis was originally developed to measure the extent to which individual dichotomous items form a scale, it has since been extended for polytomous items. [5] Moreover, while Mokken scaling analysis is a confirmatory method, meant to test whether a number of items form a coherent scale (like confirmatory factor analysis ...
It is also known as Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), Torgerson Scaling or Torgerson–Gower scaling. It takes an input matrix giving dissimilarities between pairs of items and outputs a coordinate matrix whose configuration minimizes a loss function called strain, [2] which is given by (,,...,) = (, (),) /, where denote vectors in N-dimensional space, denotes the scalar product between ...
The seven tools are: [3] [4] [5] Cause-and-effect diagram (also known as the "fishbone diagram" or Ishikawa diagram) Check sheet; Control chart; Histogram; Pareto chart; Scatter diagram; Stratification (alternatively, flow chart or run chart) The designation arose in postwar Japan, inspired by the seven famous weapons of Benkei. [6]