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2. Ursodeoxycholic acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursodeoxycholic_acid

   Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), also known as ursodiol, is a secondary bile acid, produced in humans and most other species from metabolism by intestinal bacteria. It is synthesized in the liver in some species, and was first identified in bile of bears of genus Ursus , from which its name derived. [ 8 ]

3. Biliary reflux - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_reflux

   Biliary reflux can be confused with acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While bile reflux involves fluid from the small intestine flowing into the stomach and esophagus, acid reflux is the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. These conditions are often related, and differentiating between the two can be ...

4. Primary biliary cholangitis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_biliary_cholangitis

   Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis .

5. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic_veno-occlusive_disease

   Ursodeoxycholic acid: Treatment: Defibrotide: Deaths: 10-20%: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency is a potentially ...

6. Primary sclerosing cholangitis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_sclerosing_cholangitis

   Some experts recommend a trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bile acid occurring naturally in small quantities in humans, as it has been shown to lower elevated liver enzyme numbers in patients with PSC and has proven effective in other cholestatic liver diseases. However, UDCA has yet to be shown to clearly lead to improved liver histology ...

7. Cholestasis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

   In the treatment of ICP, current evidence suggests ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a minor secondary bile acid in humans, is the most effective drug for reducing pruritus and improving liver function. [61] The etiology of ICP is multifactorial and likely involves hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors.

8. Enterohepatic circulation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation

   Finally, the conjugated bile acids which remained un-ionized conjugated bile acids are passively absorbed. Venous blood from the ileum goes straight into the portal vein and then into the liver sinusoids. There, hepatocytes extract bile acids very efficiently, and little escapes the healthy liver into systemic circulation.

9. Bile acid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid

   Bile acid synthesis occurs in liver cells, which synthesize primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in humans) via cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation of cholesterol in a multi-step process. Approximately 600 mg of bile salts are synthesized daily to replace bile acids lost in the feces, although, as described below, much ...