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Lung cancer is the most diagnosed and deadliest cancer worldwide, with 2.2 million cases in 2020 resulting in 1.8 million deaths. [3] Lung cancer is rare in those younger than 40; the average age at diagnosis is 70 years, and the average age at death 72. [2] Incidence and outcomes vary widely across the world, depending on patterns of tobacco use.
The included cancer types are the ones causing most death as per data from the US in 2008. [1] Lung cancer, mainly to adrenal glands, brain, and bone [2] Breast cancer, mainly to bone, liver, lung and brain. [3] Colon cancer, mainly to liver. [4] Pancreatic cancer, mainly to liver and lungs. [5] Melanoma, mainly to brain [6]
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) has long been divided into two clinicopathological stages, termed limited stage (LS) and extensive stage (ES). [8] The stage is generally determined by the presence or absence of metastases, whether or not the tumor appears limited to the thorax, and whether or not the entire tumor burden within the chest can feasibly be encompassed within a single radiotherapy ...
When most tumors metastasize to the lung, they form distinct nodules, but about 7% spread through the lymph vessels of the lung. [2] They may impair breathing in several ways; the lung becomes stiffer; blood vessels traveling alongside the distended lymph vessels become compressed. [3]
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the lung —previously included in the category of "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC)—is a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma.It tends to arise in the distal bronchioles or alveoli and is defined by a non-invasive growth pattern.
Nearly 40% of lung cancers are adenocarcinomas, which usually originates in peripheral lung tissue. [10] Most cases of adenocarcinoma are associated with smoking; however, among people who have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetimes ("never-smokers"), [11] adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer. [12]
The tumor in the lung is then called metastatic breast cancer, not lung cancer. Metastasis is a key element in cancer staging systems such as the TNM staging system, where it represents the "M". In overall stage grouping, metastasis places a cancer in Stage IV. The possibilities of curative treatment are greatly reduced, or often entirely ...
Lung cancer is an extremely heterogeneous family of malignant neoplasms, [5] with well over 50 different histological variants recognized under the 4th revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) typing system ("WHO-2004"), [2] currently the most widely used lung cancer classification scheme. Because these variants have differing genetic ...