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  2. Chinese character meanings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_meanings

    The other is the increase or decrease in the number of meanings of a character due to combination or differentiation. [12] For example: 姜: The character "姜" (surname Jiāng) gained the meaning of "ginger" after the character "薑" (ginger) was simplified and merged into it.

  3. Declension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension

    Most nouns in English have distinct singular and plural forms. Nouns and most noun phrases can form a possessive construction. Plurality is most commonly shown by the ending-s (or -es), whereas possession is always shown by the enclitic-'s or, for plural forms ending in s, by just an apostrophe. Consider, for example, the forms of the noun girl.

  4. Grammatical number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number

    The quantity of apples is marked on the noun—"apple" singular number (one item) vs. "apples" plural number (more than one item)—on the demonstrative, that/those, and on the verb, is/are. In the second sentence, all this information is redundant , since quantity is already indicated by the numeral two .

  5. Kanji - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji

    The number of characters in circulation was reduced, and formal lists of characters to be learned during each grade of school were established. Some characters were given simplified glyphs, called shinjitai (新字体). Many variant forms of characters and obscure alternatives for common characters were officially discouraged. [citation needed]

  6. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  7. List of glossing abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviations

    Exceptions include proper nouns, which typically are not translated, and kinship terms, which may be too complex to translate. Proper nouns/names may simply be repeated in the gloss, or may be replaced with a placeholder such as "(name. F)" or "PN(F)" (for a female name). For kinship glosses, see the dedicated section below for a list of ...

  8. Nominalized adjective - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalized_adjective

    The decline in the use of adjectives as nouns may be attributed to the loss of adjectival inflection throughout Middle English. In line with the Minimalist Framework elaborated by Noam Chomsky, [2] it is suggested that inflected adjectives are more likely to be nominalized because they have overtly-marked φ-features (such as grammatical number and gender), which makes them suitable for use as ...

  9. English nouns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_nouns

    English nouns form the largest category of words in English, both in the number of different words and how often they are used in typical texts. The three main categories of English nouns are common nouns, proper nouns, and pronouns. A defining feature of English nouns is their ability to inflect for number, as through the plural –s morpheme.