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Psychic equivalence is a primitive mind-state which precedes in infancy the capacity for mentalization, that is, for reflection upon both inner and outer worlds.In psychic equivalence mode, if the child thinks there is a monster in the closet it believes there really is a monster in the closet; [1] if the inner world feels harmonious, the world outside is also harmonious. [2]
Lev Vygotsky shown in his seminal work, Thought & Language (originally published in the Soviet Union 1934) Between 1960 and 1969, Downing was the director of the Reading Research Unit within the Institute of Education at the University of London, where he spent nearly a decade studying children learning to read using the initial teaching alphabet and equally control groups of children who did ...
Resistant reading is an element of some current critical and interpretive repertoire. It is worth considering whether diegetic border crossing always strengthens the potential for resistant reading (as might seem intuitively likely, given that readers are moving in and out of the story), or whether on some occasions it might trigger the reverse effect.
Fun With Dick and Jane. Dick and Jane are the two protagonists created by Zerna Sharp for a series of basal readers written by William S. Gray to teach children to read. The characters first appeared in the Elson-Gray Readers in 1930 and continued in a subsequent series of books through the final version in 1965.
Reading motivation is the motivational drive to read, an area of interest in the field of education. Studying and implementing the conditions under which students are motivated to read is important in the process of teaching and fostering learning. Reading and writing motivation are the processes to put more effort on reading and writing ...
This is because women are perceived as less competitive and dominant than men and are thought to be less likely to display dominance (Burgoon et al., as cited by Youngquist, 2009); a woman who displays dominance might potentially be perceived as more dominant than a man displaying the same behavior because her behavior will be seen as unusual ...
Compulsory reading, required reading or school reading refers to a work of literature that is a required reading assignment in an educational system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In Poland, the list of required reading ( Polish : lektura szkolna ) was established in the early 20th century and has continued till today.
A mother reads to her children in a mid- to late 19th century lithograph by Jessie Willcox Smith. The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) is a canonical piece of children's literature and one of the best-selling books ever published. [1] Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are created for ...