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Iran,[a][b]officially the Islamic Republic of Iran(IRI),[c]also known as Persia,[d]is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkeyto the northwest and Iraqto the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistanto the north, Afghanistanto the east, Pakistanto the southeast, the Gulf of Omanand the Persian Gulfto the south.
The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was known in the Western world) is intertwined with Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning from Anatolia to the Indus River and from the Caucasus to the Persian Gulf. Central to this area is modern-day Iran, which covers the bulk of the Iranian Plateau. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest ...
The term Persian, meaning "from Persia", derives from Latin Persia, itself deriving from Greek Persís (Περσίς), [ 24 ] a Hellenized form of Old Persian Pārsa (𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿), which evolves into Fārs (فارس) in modern Persian. [ 25 ] In the Bible, particularly in the books of Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and Nehemya, it is given as ...
168,718 km 2 (65,142 sq mi) Geographically, the country of Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Topographically, it is predominantly located on the Persian Plateau. Its mountains have impacted both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries.
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [16] also known as the Persian Empire[16] or First Persian Empire[17] (/ əˈkiːmənɪd /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [18] or 'The Kingdom' [19]), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the ...
Today part of. Iran. Medes (region) Media (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭, romanized:Māda, Middle Persian: Mād) is a region of north-western Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Medes. [ N 1 ] During the Achaemenid period, it comprised present-day Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Kurdistan and western Tabaristan.
Greater Iran or Greater Persia (Persian: ایران بزرگ Irān-e Bozorg), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere, is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of West Asia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia (specifically Xinjiang)—all of which have been affected, to some degree ...
Main article: Persian art. Iran has one of the oldest, richest and most influential art heritages in the world which encompasses many disciplines including literature, music, dance, architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking, embroidery and stonemasonry. Intricate stone art of Persepolis.