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In statistics a population proportion, generally denoted by or the Greek letter , [1] is a parameter that describes a percentage value associated with a population. For example, the 2010 United States Census showed that 83.7% of the American population was identified as not being Hispanic or Latino; the value of .837 is a population proportion.
Sample size determination. Sample size determination or estimation is the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a statistical sample. The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a ...
United States congressional apportionment. Allocation of seats by state, as percentage of overall number of representatives in the House, 1789–2020 census. United States congressional apportionment is the process [ 1 ] by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states according to the most recent ...
Probability-proportional-to-size sampling. In survey methodology, probability-proportional-to-size (pps) sampling is a sampling process where each element of the population (of size N) has some (independent) chance to be selected to the sample when performing one draw. This is proportional to some known quantity so that . [1]: 97 [2]
(Normal population or n large) and σ known. (z is the distance from the mean in relation to the standard deviation of the mean). For non-normal distributions it is possible to calculate a minimum proportion of a population that falls within k standard deviations for any k (see: Chebyshev's inequality). Two-sample z-test
Sampling (statistics) In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole population and statisticians ...
Period prevalence is the proportion of the population with a given disease or condition over a specific period of time. It could describe how many people in a population had a cold over the cold season in 2006, for example. [citation needed] It is expressed as a percentage of the population and can be described by the following formula:
The effective population size (Ne) is the size of an idealised population that would experience the same rate of genetic drift as the real population, whereby the latter, due partly to the limited proportion of breeding individuals, has a normally larger census population size N. Idealised populations are based on unrealistic but convenient ...