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To be "natural", that is, without excessive fine-tuning (i.e. to stabilize the Higgs mass from large radiative corrections), the hypothesis requires new physics at a relatively low energy scale. Placing new physics at 10 TeV, for instance, the model predicts the top quark to be significantly heavier than observed (at about 600 GeV vs. 171 GeV).
Bose–Einstein condensation in networks is a phase transition observed in complex networks that can be described by the Bianconi–Barabási model. [1] This phase transition predicts a "winner-takes-all" phenomena in complex networks and can be mathematically mapped to the mathematical model explaining Bose–Einstein condensation in physics.
The Automatic Calculation project is to create the tools to make those steps as automatic (or programmed) as possible: I Feynman rules, coupling and mass generation LanHEP is an example of Feynman rules generation. Some model needs an additional step to compute, based on some parameters, the mass and coupling of new predicted particles.
Condensation of quasiparticles occurs in ultracold gases and materials. The lower masses of material quasiparticles relative to atoms lead to higher BEC temperatures. An ideal Bose gas has a phase transitions when inter-particle spacing approaches the thermal De-Broglie wavelength: k B T = ℏ 2 n 2 / 3 / M {\displaystyle k_{B}T=~\hbar ^{2}n^{2 ...
Superfluid helium-4 is a liquid rather than a gas, which means that the interactions between the atoms are relatively strong; the original theory of Bose–Einstein condensation must be heavily modified in order to describe it. Bose–Einstein condensation remains, however, fundamental to the superfluid properties of helium-4.
The Gross–Pitaevskii equation can also be derived as the semi-classical limit of the many body theory of s-wave interacting identical bosons represented in terms of coherent states. [24] The semi-classical limit is reached for a large number of quanta, expressing the field theory either in the positive-P representation (generalised Glauber ...
Tachyon condensation is a process in which a tachyonic field—usually a scalar field—with a complex mass acquires a vacuum expectation value and reaches the minimum of the potential energy. While the field is tachyonic and unstable near the local maximum of the potential, the field gets a non-negative squared mass and becomes stable near the ...
The QCD vacuum is the quantum vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non-perturbative vacuum state, characterized by non-vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate and the quark condensate in the complete theory which includes quarks.