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Romans 9 is the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle , while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD, [ 1 ] with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius , who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22 . [ 2 ]
The scholarly consensus is that Paul wrote the Epistle to the Romans. [6] C. E. B. Cranfield, in the introduction to his commentary on Romans, says: The denial of Paul's authorship of Romans by such critics [...] is now rightly relegated to a place among the curiosities of NT scholarship. Today no responsible criticism disputes its Pauline origin.
However, Paul the Apostle speaks of two ways, at least in theory, to achieve righteousness: through the Law of Moses (or Torah), and through faith in the atonement made possible through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Romans 10:3–13). However he repeatedly emphasizes that faith is the effective way. [8]
Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, 17th-century painting. Most scholars think Paul actually dictated his letters to a secretary, for example Romans 16:22, [16] cites a scribe named Tertius. According to 2 Thessalonians 3,17, [17] Paul authenticated all of his letters with the final greeting and signature. A 19th-century portrayal of Paul the Apostle
Herodion of Patras (also Herodian or Rodion; Greek: Ἡρωδίων, Ἡρωδιανός, Ῥοδίων) has been thought by some to have been a relative (συγγενής) of Saint Paul, as in a greeting Paul calls a Herodion a sungenēs in Romans 16:11. But Paul uses the term συγγενής (sungenēs) for fellow Jews in Romans 9:3.
Placing Paul in this time period is done on the basis of his reported conflicts with other early contemporary figures in the Jesus movement including James and Peter, [251] the references to Paul and his letters by Clement of Rome writing in the late 1st century, [252] his reported issues in Damascus from 2 Corinthians 11:32 which he says took ...
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Most scholars believe that Paul actually wrote seven of the thirteen Pauline epistles (Galatians, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Philemon, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians), while three of the epistles in Paul's name are widely seen as pseudepigraphic (1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus). [1]