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The most ancient Roman history from the foundation of Rome as a small tribal village [3] until the end of the Royal Age with the fall of the kings of Rome is the least preserved. [4] [5] Although Livy, a Roman historian, in his work Ab Urbe condita lists a series of seven kings of archaic Rome, from the first settlement up to the first years ...
The barbarian invasions of the third century (212–305) constituted an uninterrupted period of raids within the borders of the Roman Empire, conducted for purposes of plunder and booty [1] by armed peoples belonging to populations gravitating along the northern frontiers: Picts, Caledonians, and Saxons in Britain; the Germanic tribes of Frisii, Saxons, Franks, Alemanni, Burgundians ...
Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire, although this is a matter of debate.By the early 2nd century, the Roman Empire had reached the peak of its territorial expansion and rather than constantly expanding their borders as earlier in the Empire and Republic, the Romans solidified their position by fortifying their ...
410, 24 August – Sack of Rome – Visigoths under Alaric sacked Rome. [17] [16] 413 – Siege of Massilia – Visigoths under Ataulf were defeated by Romans under Bonifacius while trying to besiege the Roman city. They made peace with Rome soon after. 419 – Battle of the Nervasos Mountains – Western Romans and Suebi defeat Vandals and Alans.
Rome was therefore forced to contend by around 340 BC against both Samnite incursions into their territory and, simultaneously, in a bitter war against their former allies. Rome bested the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, [66] after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.
After the war, Rome took Bononia (196 BC), [37] [38] Placentia (194 BC), [39] [40] [36] and Mutina (193 BC). [ 41 ] [ 42 ] According to Strabo, many of the surviving Boii retreated north across the Alps to the land subsequently known as Boihaemum , [ 43 ] but in all probability the region was already inhabited by Boii prior to their subjugation ...
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A letter by Saint Jerome, written from Bethlehem to a widow Geruchia and dated to the year 409, gives a long list of the barbarian tribes who had overrun all of Gaul at that time, including those who had crossed the Rhine: Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Alans, Gepids, Herules, Saxons, Burgundians, Alemanni and, to the shame of the empire ...