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  2. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    The user may choose to replace the inclination angle by its complement, the elevation angle (or altitude angle), measured upward between the reference plane and the radial line—i.e., from the reference plane upward (towards to the positive z-axis) to the radial line. The depression angle is the negative of the elevation angle.

  3. Magnetic declination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_declination

    For an example refer to the sectional chart slightly west of Winston-Salem, North Carolina in March 2021, magnetic north is 8 degrees west of true north (Note the dashed line marked 8°W). [ 12 ] When plotting a course, some small aircraft pilots may plot a trip using true north on a sectional chart (map), then convert the true north bearings ...

  4. Magnetic dip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_dip

    Positive values of inclination indicate that the magnetic field of Earth is pointing downward, into Earth, at the point of measurement, and negative values indicate that it is pointing upward. The dip angle is in principle the angle made by the needle of a vertically held compass, though in practice ordinary compass needles may be weighted ...

  5. Polar coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system

    In green, the point with radial coordinate 3 and angular coordinate 60 degrees or (3, 60°). In blue, the point (4, 210°). In mathematics, the polar coordinate system specifies a given point in a plane by using a distance and an angle as its two coordinates. These are the point's distance from a reference point called the pole, and

  6. Bearing (navigation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(navigation)

    The angle value can be specified in various angular units, such as degrees, mils, or grad. More specifically: Absolute bearing refers to the clockwise angle between the magnetic north (magnetic bearing) or true north (true bearing) and an object. For example, an object to due east would have an absolute bearing of 90 degrees.

  7. Astronomical coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate...

    Negative angles must be carefully handled; –10° 20′ 30″ must be converted as −10° −20′ −30″. Angles in the hours ( h), minutes ( m), and seconds ( s) of time measure must be converted to decimal degrees or radians before calculations are performed. 1 h = 15°; 1 m = 15′; 1 s = 15″

  8. Euler angles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_angles

    Note that in this case ψ > 90° and θ is a negative angle. The second type of formalism is called Tait–Bryan angles, after Scottish mathematical physicist Peter Guthrie Tait (1831–1901) and English applied mathematician George H. Bryan (1864–1928). It is the convention normally used for aerospace applications, so that zero degrees ...

  9. Declination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declination

    In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle. The declination angle is measured north (positive) or south (negative) of the celestial equator, along the hour circle passing through the point in question. [1]

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