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A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The International Phonetic Association uses the term voiceless postalveolar fricative only for the sound [ ʃ ], [1] but it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.
The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, t̪ and the postalveolar with a retraction line, t̠ , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, t͇ . The [t] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. [1]
Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
pharyngealized voiced postalveolar fricative [ʒˤ] (in Kabyle and Chechen) pharyngealized voiceless dental fricative [θˤ] (in Zenaga, Shawiya and Shehri) pharyngealized voiced dental fricative [ðˤ] ⓘ (in Arabic ظ, and as [θ̬ˤ], a variant pronunciation in Mehri) pharyngealized voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬˤ]
The closest sound found in English, as well as many other languages, is the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ] (Swedish words with the sound often correspond to English words with "sh", such as "shield", "shoot"), although usually the closest audible approximation is the voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] found in some English dialects.
The voiceless denti-alveolar sibilant is the only sibilant fricative in some dialects of Andalusian Spanish. It has no official symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet , though its features would be transcribed s̻̪ or s̪̻ (using the ̻ , the diacritic marking a laminal consonant , and ̪ , the diacritic marking a dental consonant ).
For example, in the Athabaskan language Hupa, voiceless velar fricatives distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either /x/, /x̹/, /xʷ/ or /x/, /x̜ʷ/, /xʷ/. The extensions to the IPA has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding: Spread [ɹ͍] and open-rounded [ʒꟹ] (as in English).
Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives; Voiceless dental fricative; Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate; Voiceless epiglottal affricate; Voiceless epiglottal trill; Voiceless glottal affricate; Voiceless glottal fricative; Voiceless labial–palatal fricative; Voiceless labial–velar fricative; Voiceless labial–velar plosive ...