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A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The International Phonetic Association uses the term voiceless postalveolar fricative only for the sound [ ʃ ], [1] but it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.
The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, t̪ and the postalveolar with a retraction line, t̠ , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, t͇ . The [t] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. [1]
Three rows appear in the extIPA chart that do not occur in the IPA chart: "fricative lateral + median" (simultaneous grooved and lateral frication), "fricative nasal" (a.k.a. nareal fricative) and "percussive". A denasal row is added here. Several new columns appear as well, though the linguolabial column is the result of a standard-IPA diacritic.
Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
The closest sound found in English, as well as many other languages, is the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ] (Swedish words with the sound often correspond to English words with "sh", such as "shield", "shoot"), although usually the closest audible approximation is the voiceless labialized velar approximant [ʍ] found in some English dialects.
pharyngealized voiced postalveolar fricative [ʒˤ] (in Kabyle and Chechen) pharyngealized voiceless dental fricative [θˤ] (in Zenaga, Shawiya and Shehri) pharyngealized voiced dental fricative [ðˤ] ⓘ (in Arabic ظ, and as [θ̬ˤ], a variant pronunciation in Mehri) pharyngealized voiceless alveolar lateral fricative [ɬˤ]
For example, in the Athabaskan language Hupa, voiceless velar fricatives distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either /x/, /x̹/, /xʷ/ or /x/, /x̜ʷ/, /xʷ/. The extensions to the IPA has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding: Spread [ɹ͍] and open-rounded [ʒꟹ] (as in English).
Features of the voiced alveolar fricative trill: Its manner of articulation is fricative trill, which means it is a non-sibilant fricative and a trill pronounced simultaneously. Its place of articulation is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge.