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In computer science, a literal is a textual representation (notation) of a value as it is written in source code. [1] [2] Almost all programming languages have notations for atomic values such as integers, floating-point numbers, and strings, and usually for Booleans and characters; some also have notations for elements of enumerated types and compound values such as arrays, records, and objects.
For example, if , and are variables then the expression ¯ contains three literals and the expression ¯ + ¯ ¯ contains four literals. However, the expression A ¯ C + B ¯ C {\displaystyle {\bar {A}}C+{\bar {B}}C} would also be said to contain four literals, because although two of the literals are identical ( C {\displaystyle C} appears ...
In mathematical logic, a propositional variable (also called a sentence letter, [1] sentential variable, or sentential letter) is an input variable (that can either be true or false) of a truth function. Propositional variables are the basic building-blocks of propositional formulas, used in propositional logic and higher-order logics.
In computer science, an integer literal is a kind of literal for an integer whose value is directly represented in source code.For example, in the assignment statement x = 1, the string 1 is an integer literal indicating the value 1, while in the statement x = 0x10 the string 0x10 is an integer literal indicating the value 16, which is represented by 10 in hexadecimal (indicated by the 0x prefix).
For example, x 1 is a positive literal, ¬x 2 is a negative literal, and x 1 ∨ ¬x 2 is a clause. The formula ( x 1 ∨ ¬ x 2 ) ∧ (¬ x 1 ∨ x 2 ∨ x 3 ) ∧ ¬ x 1 is in conjunctive normal form; its first and third clauses are Horn clauses, but its second clause is not.
IEC 61131-3 is the third part (of 10) of the international standard IEC 61131 for programmable logic controllers. It was first published in December 1993 [1] by the IEC; the current (third) edition was published in February 2013. [2] Part 3 of IEC 61131 deals with basic software architecture and programming languages of the control program ...
The solution of the problem is a substitution of terms for the variables X in the top-level goal clause, which can be extracted from the resolution proof. Used in this way, goal clauses are similar to conjunctive queries in relational databases , and Horn clause logic is equivalent in computational power to a universal Turing machine .
The choice of a variable name should be mnemonic — that is, designed to indicate to the casual observer the intent of its use. One-character variable names should be avoided except for temporary "throwaway" variables. Common names for temporary variables are i, j, k, m, and n for integers; c, d, and e for characters. int i;
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