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Geoff Burnstock originally separated purinoceptors into P1 adenosine receptors and P2 nucleotide (ATP, ADP) receptors. [4] P2 receptors were later subdivided into P2X, P2Y, P2T, and P2Z receptors. [5] Subclasses X and Y mediated vasoconstriction and vasodilation, respectively, in the smooth muscle of some arteries.
The ANT4 protein is a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier that catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP between the mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm during ATP synthesis. [6] In addition, ANT4 stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases the permeability transition pore complex (PTPC) opening in order to prevent nuclear chromatin fragmentation and resulting cell death. [7]
The transporter is an obligate exchange translocase specific for ATP and ADP. It functions to take up ATP from the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm into the bacterium in exchange for ADP. The ATP/ADP uniporters can also transport inorganic phosphate, but not ribonucleoside and monophosphates, as well as deoxyribonucleotides. [3] [4]
The ATP was developed during the 1980s, events such as such as the 1979 oil crisis and increasing public concern regarding aircraft noise led business planners at British Aerospace to believe that there was a market for a short-range, low-noise, fuel-efficient turboprop aircraft.
ATP synthase delta subunit is a subunit of bacterial and chloroplast F-ATPase/synthase. It is known as OSCP ( oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein ) in mitochondrial ATPase (note that in mitochondria there is a different delta subunit, ATP synthase delta/epsilon subunit ).