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The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified food (GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of such ...
After the ruling, glyphosate-resistant sugar beets could not be planted until USDA-APHIS filed an environmental impact statement (EIS), the purpose of which is to determine if environmental issues have negative effects on humans and the environment, and it may take two to three years to complete the study. After the EIS is completed, USDA-APHIS ...
Before 1995, no peer-reviewed studies had been published investigating the safety of genetically modified food using human or animal feeding trials. [2] In 1995 the Scottish Agriculture Environment and Fisheries Department commissioned a £1.6 million three-year research study to assess the safety of genetically engineered Desiree Red potatoes. [3]
Anti-GMO activists have characterized GMO Answers as a public relations ploy by the seed biotech industry to influence an intensifying debate concerning the safety of GMOs and GMO labeling. [1] Huffington Post reported on 130 pages of Ketchum PR internal documents discussing the launch of GMO Answers with a strategy of "embracing skepticism."
Likewise, a study of the rhetoric used in public policy debates about genetically modified food in Ghana showed that conspiracy theories were a feature of a civil society opposition to GMOs: Government and scientists were denying the claim that GMO was discriminatory and posed significant human health risk, as well as the call to action to do ...
A 2011 article by the Séralini lab that reviewed 19 published animal-feeding studies, as well as data from animal-feeding studies submitted for regulatory approval, concluded that GM food had liver and kidney effects that were sex and dose dependent, and advocated for longer and more elaborate toxicology tests for regulatory approval.
In 1986 the OSTP assigned regulatory approval of genetically modified plants in the US to the USDA, FDA and EPA. [10] The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted on 29 January 2000 and entered into force on 11 September 2003. [11] It is an international treaty that governs the transfer, handling, and use of genetically modified (GM) organisms.
As of 2013, 34 field trials of GM wheat have taken place in Europe and 419 have taken place in the US. [10] Modifications tested include those to create resistance to herbicides, create resistance to insects [11] [12] [13] and to fungal pathogens (especially fusarium) and viruses, [14] [15] tolerance to drought and resistance to salinity [16] and heat, [17] increased [18] [19] and decreased ...