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In any case, the context and/or unit of the gas constant should make it clear as to whether the universal or specific gas constant is being referred to. [ 10 ] In case of air, using the perfect gas law and the standard sea-level conditions (SSL) (air density ρ 0 = 1.225 kg/m 3 , temperature T 0 = 288.15 K and pressure p 0 = 101 325 Pa ), we ...
The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured. Many of these are redundant, in the sense that they obey a known relationship with other physical ...
It is common, especially in engineering and meteorological applications, to represent the specific gas constant by the symbol R. In such cases, the universal gas constant is usually given a different symbol such as ¯ or to distinguish it. In any case, the context and/or units of the gas constant should make it clear as to whether the universal ...
where P is the pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature. The proportionality constant, now named R, is the universal gas constant with a value of 8.3144598 (kPa∙L)/(mol∙K). An equivalent formulation of this law is: =
The Boltzmann constant (k B or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. [2] It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the gas constant , in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula , and is used in ...
Some constants, such as the ideal gas constant, R, do not describe the state of a system, and so are not properties. On the other hand, some constants, such as K f (the freezing point depression constant, or cryoscopic constant ), depend on the identity of a substance, and so may be considered to describe the state of a system, and therefore ...
Technical literature can be confusing because many authors fail to explain whether they are using the ideal gas constant R, or the specific gas constant R s. The relationship between the two constants is R s = R / m, where m is the molecular mass of the gas. The US Standard Atmosphere (USSA) uses 8.31432 m 3 ·Pa/(mol·K) as the value of R.
For example, check the universal gas law equation of PV = nRT, when: the pressure P is in pascals (Pa) the volume V is in cubic metres (m 3) the amount of substance n is in moles (mol) the universal gas constant R is 8.3145 Pa⋅m 3 /(mol⋅K) the temperature T is in kelvins (K)