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In 1830, a new governor general, Johannes van den Bosch, was appointed to increase the exploitation of the Dutch East Indies' resources. The Cultivation System was implemented only on land controlled directly by the colonial government, thus exempting the Vorstenlanden (princely states) and the particuliere landerijen (private domains).
The Landrentestelsel (literally: Land Securities System) was a system of taxation in the Dutch East Indies, in which the indigenous population paid 2/5 of its agricultural products grown or a similar sum to the colonial administration.
In 1830, a new Governor-General, Johannes van den Bosch, was appointed to make the Indies pay their way through the Dutch exploitation of its resources. With the Dutch achieving political domination throughout Java for the first time in 1830, [ 13 ] it was possible to introduce an agricultural policy of government-controlled forced cultivation.
Johannes van den Bosch was born on 2 February 1780 in Herwijnen in the Dutch Republic (the present-day Netherlands), to the physician Johannes van den Bosch Sr. and his wife Adriana Poningh. [ 1 ] Van den Bosch enrolled in the army of the Batavian Republic in 1797 and was, at his own request, sent to Batavia in the Dutch East Indies as a ...
Like the particuliere landerijen [private domains], the princely states were not directly controlled by the colonial government, and so were not subjected to the Cultivation System, introduced by Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch in 1830. [2]
Cornelis Theodorus Elout (Haarlem, 22 March 1767 – The Hague, 3 May 1841) was a Dutch statesman.As Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies he instituted the landrente tax system in the Dutch East Indies in 1816, and in 1819 promulgated the new Regeringsreglement for that colony together with his colleagues Godert van der Capellen and Arnold Adriaan Buyskes, while also reforming the coinage.
Overseen by the new governor general, Johannes van den Bosch, this cultivation system required that 20% of village land be devoted to growing cash crops for export at government rates. Alternatively, peasants had to work in government-owned plantations for 60 days of the year.
The Dutch surrender in 1795 made way for the mostly peaceful establishment of the Batavian Republic, a satellite state of the French First Republic.From 1795 to 1802, Colonel Janssens served mostly as an administrator within the new Batavian Army.