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The early historic evidence of Singapura points to earlier settlements, with discoveries in nearby areas providing deeper insights. A microlithic tool factory in Jalahalli indicates human presence dating back 2,500 to 3,000 years, and the discovery of Roman coins in Yeswanthpur suggests ancient trade connections in the area thousands of years ago.
The Kingdom of Singapura (Malay: Kerajaan Singapura) was a Malay Hindu-Buddhist kingdom thought to have been established during the early history of Singapore upon its main island Temasek from 1299 until its fall sometime between 1396 and 1398. [2]
Kota Gelanggi is a limestone cave complex in Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is also claimed to be the name of a 'lost city' in Johor but authorities have found no evidence to support this claim.
Singhapala (Baybayin: ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜑᜉᜎ, Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Singapala, Tagalog: Lungsod ng Singapala, Old Malay: Kota Singapura) was an ancient fortified city or a region, the capital of the Indianized kingdom of Cebu. The location of this ancient city is what is now the modern Barangay Mabolo in the northern district of Cebu City.
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The English name of "Singapore" is an anglicisation of the native Malay name for the country, Singapura (pronounced), which was in turn derived from the Sanskrit word for 'lion city' (Sanskrit: सिंहपुर; romanised: Siṃhapura; Brahmi: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭; literally "lion city"; siṃha means 'lion', pura means 'city' or 'fortress'). [9]
Tumasik, now the country of Singapura: Sanghyang Hujung 1. Ujung Salang (junkceylon) in Phuket 2. 2. Sening Ujung, between Malacca and Selangor 2. Kelang Klang, Kedha 1. Kedah. 2. Kataha 1. 3. Keda 3. Jere 1. Jerai 2. Jerai, Kedah mountains 2. 3. Jering near Patani 2. 4. Jere 3. Kanjap 1. Kanjab in the Riau-Lingga islands 2. 2. Kanjap 3. Niran ...
However, by the time the Portuguese arrived in the early 16th century, Singapura had already become "great ruins" according to Alfonso de Albuquerque. [23] [24] In 1511, the Portuguese seized Malacca; the sultan of Malacca escaped south and established the Johor Sultanate, and Singapore then became part of the sultanate.