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When the body temperature is too high or too low, the blood vessels will change size accordingly to bring the body’s temperature back to normal. In this diagram, the tube-shaped objects represent blood vessels and the red and blue objects represent thermometers. The middle blood vessel is sized for a blood vessel at normal body temperature.
It is possible to measure the minimum blood pressures of dinosaurs by estimating the vertical distance between the heart and the top of the head, because this column of blood must have a pressure at the bottom equal to the hydrostatic pressure derived from the density of blood and gravity. Added to this pressure is that required to move the ...
Allometry (Ancient Greek ἄλλος állos "other", μέτρον métron "measurement") is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, [1] anatomy, physiology and behaviour, [2] first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, [3] by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form [4] and by Julian Huxley in 1932.
Insular dwarfism, a form of phyletic dwarfism, [1] is the process and condition of large animals evolving or having a reduced body size [a] when their population's range is limited to a small environment, primarily islands.
The human outer or peripheral shell (skin, subcutaneous fat etc.) acts as an adjustable insulator/radiator with the main mechanism of adjustment being blood flow to this compartment. If the surroundings are warm then heat loss is less, so the body directs more blood to the periphery to maintain the gradient for energy flow.
The elephant trunk plays a critical role in communication. While people assume the trumpet-like noises that we hear from their trunks are their means of communication, that is usually not the case.
Deep-diving species such as elephant seals have blood volumes that represent up to 20% of their body weight. When diving, they reduce their heart rate, and blood flow is mostly restricted to the heart, brain and lungs. To keep their blood pressure stable, phocids have an elastic aorta that dissipates some of the energy of each heartbeat. [78]
As in other mammals, human thermoregulation is an important aspect of homeostasis. In thermoregulation, body heat is generated mostly in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles. [1] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot humid and hot arid.