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Beginning of animal evolution. [54] [55] 720–630 Ma Possible global glaciation [56] [57] which increased the atmospheric oxygen and decreased carbon dioxide, and was either caused by land plant evolution [58] or resulted in it. [59] Opinion is divided on whether it increased or decreased biodiversity or the rate of evolution. [60] [61] [62 ...
Convergent evolution—the repeated evolution of similar traits in multiple lineages which all ancestrally lack the trait—is rife in nature, as illustrated by the examples below. The ultimate cause of convergence is usually a similar evolutionary biome , as similar environments will select for similar traits in any species occupying the same ...
Cope recognised that clades of Cenozoic mammals appeared to originate as small individuals, and that body mass increased through a clade's history. [13] Discussing the case of canid evolution in North America, Blaire Van Valkenburgh of UCLA and coworkers state: Cope's rule, or the evolutionary trend toward larger body size, is common among mammals.
The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...
Figure 1:In mammals, the quadrate and articular bones are small and part of the middle ear; the lower jaw consists only of dentary bone.. While living mammal species can be identified by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands in the females, other features are required when classifying fossils, because mammary glands and other soft-tissue features are not visible in fossils.
Evolution of the eye – Origins and diversification of the organs of sight through geologic time Evolution of color vision – Origin and variation of colour vision across various lineages through geologic time; Evolution of color vision in primates – Loss and regain of colour vision during the evolution of primates
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These genes have been highly conserved through hundreds of millions of years of evolution. [ 1 ] Evolutionary developmental biology , informally known as evo-devo , is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer how developmental processes evolved .