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Recent human evolution refers to evolutionary adaptation, sexual and natural selection, and genetic drift within Homo sapiens populations, since their separation and dispersal in the Middle Paleolithic about 50,000 years ago. Contrary to popular belief, not only are humans still evolving, their evolution since the dawn of agriculture is faster ...
In biology, evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organization , from kingdoms to species , and individual organisms and molecules , such as DNA and proteins .
The new drug, ISM3312, is developed by Insilico Medicine. [389] A new AI algorithm developed by Baidu is shown to boost the antibody response of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by 128 times. [390] AI is used to develop an experimental antibiotic called abaucin, which is shown to be effective against A. baumannii. [391] [392] AI is used to find ...
Plant development is the process by which structures originate and mature as a plant grows. It is studied in plant anatomy and plant physiology as well as plant morphology. Plants constantly produce new tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems [36] located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Thus, a living plant ...
1966 – Kimishige Ishizaka discovered a new type of immunoglobulin, IgE, that develops allergy and explains the mechanisms of allergy at molecular and cellular levels. 1966 – Lynn Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory , that the eukaryotic cell is a symbiotic union of primitive prokaryotic cells.
In evolutionary developmental biology, scientists look at how the different processes in development play a role in how a specific organism reaches its current body plan. The genetic regulation of ontogeny and the phylogenetic process is what allows for this kind of understanding of biology.
Recent research has called for expanding the population genetic framework of evolutionary biology by a more organism-centered perspective. [ 69 ] [ 70 ] This has been described as "organism-centered evolution" which looks beyond the genome to the ways that individual organisms are participants in their own evolution.
The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.