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Consumer–resource interactions are the core motif of ecological food chains or food webs, [1] and are an umbrella term for a variety of more specialized types of biological species interactions including prey-predator (see predation), host-parasite (see parasitism), plant-herbivore and victim-exploiter systems. These kinds of interactions ...
Niche models are a notable class of CRMs which are described by the system of coupled ordinary differential equations, [7] [8] = (), =, …,, = + = (), =, …,, where (, …,) is a vector abbreviation for resource abundances, is the per-capita growth rate of species , is the growth rate of species in the absence of consumption, and is the rate per unit species population that species depletes ...
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all tetrapods excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane , such as modern reptiles , birds and mammals ).
Pig frogs are important members of their ecosystem, helping to control the populations of the insects and other small animals that they eat. They play a vital role in maintaining the balance of their wetland habitats. The percentage of Pig frogs' prey items varies throughout the year, most likely due to the availability of resources. [4]
By measuring the toad's uptake of oxygen it was found that hopping was an inefficient use of resources during sustained locomotion but was a useful strategy during short bursts of high-intensity activity. [113] The red-legged running frog (Kassina maculata) has short, slim hind limbs unsuited to jumping. It can move fast by using a running gait ...
Amphibian, a vertebrate animal of the class Amphibia (many of which live on land and breed in water) Amphibious caterpillar; Amphibious fish, a fish that is able to leave water for extended periods of time; Amphibious insect, an insect which lives in the air or on land and breeds in water; Amphibious rat (disambiguation)
The largest living amphibian is the 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) South China giant salamander (Andrias sligoi), but this is dwarfed by prehistoric temnospondyls such as Mastodonsaurus which could reach up to 6 m (20 ft) in length. The study of amphibians is called batrachology, while the study of both reptiles and amphibians is called herpetology.
Traditionally considered a subclass of the class Amphibia, modern classification systems recognize that labyrinthodonts are not a formal natural group exclusive of other tetrapods. Instead, they consistute an evolutionary grade (a paraphyletic group ), ancestral to living tetrapods such as lissamphibians (modern amphibians) and amniotes ...