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The Holocaust (/ ˈ h ɒ l ə k ɔː s t / ⓘ), [1] known in Hebrew as the Shoah (שואה), was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
Also referred to as the Shoah (in Hebrew), the Holocaust was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Nazi Germany and its World War II collaborators. About 1.5 million of the victims were children. Two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe were murdered.
During the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II), 13,000 Jews were killed in action before May 1943. [89] Numerous other uprisings were quelled without impacting the pre-planned Nazi deportations actions.
Perhaps the deadliest of these Holocaust-era pogroms was the Iași pogrom in Romania, in which as many as 14,000 Jews were killed by Romanian citizens, police, and military officials. By December 1941, Adolf Hitler decided to completely exterminate European Jews. [ 8 ]
If we did not fight the Jews, they would destroy us. It's a life-and-death struggle between the Aryan race and the Jewish bacillus." [29] In November 1941, Goebbels published an article "The Jews are to blame" which returned to Hitler's prophecy of 1939 and stated that world Jewry was suffering a "gradual process of extermination". [26]
killed at a forced labor camp in Chernihiv, Ukraine Bronisław Czech: 1908–1944: Polish: skier: Olympian Polish resistance movement in World War II: Auschwitz: Roman Kantor: 1912–1943: Polish: fencer; Olympian Jewish: Majdanek concentration camp: Józef Klotz: 1900–1941: Polish: Polish national soccer team Jewish: killed in the Warsaw ...
Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related agencies killed more than two million people, including 1.3 million Jews. [130] The total number of Jews murdered during the war is estimated at 5.5 to six million people. [131]
The technology was adapted, expanded, and applied in wartime to unsuspecting victims of many ethnic and national groups; the Jews were the primary target, accounting for over 90 percent of extermination camp victims. [9] The genocide of the Jews of Europe was Nazi Germany's "Final Solution to the Jewish question". [10] [4] [11]