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The history of the Catholic Church is the formation, events, and historical development of the Catholic Church through time.. According to the tradition of the Catholic Church, it started from the day of Pentecost at the upper room of Jerusalem; [1] the Catholic tradition considers that the Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by the Disciples of Jesus.
Followers of Jesus as the messiah trace the origin of the term Christian to the church established at Antioch. The first church was founded by Jesus Christ, before Pentecost on a mountain top with the disciples while Christ was still alive. According to verses 19–26 of Acts 11, Barnabas went to Tarsus in search of Saul and brought him to ...
Stained glass window in a Catholic church depicting St. Peter's Basilica in Rome sitting "Upon this rock," a reference to Matthew 16:18. The Catholic Church teaches that Christ founded only "one true Church", and that this one true Church is the Catholic Church with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as its supreme, infallible head and locus of communion. [8]
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: 424 Moved by the grace of the Holy Spirit and drawn by the Father, we believe in Jesus and confess: "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." On the rock of this faith confessed by St. Peter, Christ built his Church.
The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, [16] [17] [note 1] that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. [20]
Byzantine image depicting Jesus as Christ pantocrator. 4 BC: Nativity of Jesus.According to the Gospel of Luke, his birth occurred in the town of Bethlehem during the reigns of King Herod the Great of Judaea and the Roman Emperor Augustus, and he was the son of the Virgin Mary, who conceived him by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Catholic Church – also known as the Roman Catholic Church; the world's largest Christian church, with more than 1.3 billion members. Eastern Catholic Churches – autonomous, self-governing (in Latin, sui iuris) particular churches in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. Latin Church – Western and largest autonomous Catholic Church
The Catholic Church responded in the Counter-Reformation. Royal houses took sides precipitating the European wars of religion. This was followed by the Age of Enlightenment and modern political concepts of tolerance. In the eighteenth century, biblical criticism was created challenging many of the traditional views of the Bible.