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The Qur'an distinguishes between the monotheistic People of the Book (ahl al-kitab), i.e. Jews, Christians, Sabians and others on the one hand and polytheists or idolaters on the other hand. [ citation needed ] There are certain kinds of restrictions that apply to polytheists but not to "People of the Book" in classical Islamic law .
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of several religions that revere Abraham in their scripture, with the three largest and most influential being Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The religions share doctrinal, historical, and geographic overlap that supposedly contrasts them with the Dharmic religions of India, Iranian religions, or ...
The historical interaction between Islam and Judaism started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam. There are many common aspects between Islam and Judaism, and as Islam developed, it gradually became the major religion closest to Judaism.
Causing further complications is the fact that there are various secular world views, such as nationalism and Marxism, which bear many of the same characteristics that are commonly associated with religion, but which rarely consider themselves to be religious. [16] Conversely, other scholars of religious studies have argued that the discipline ...
While other branches of Islam generally focus on exoteric aspects of religion, Sufism is mainly focused on the direct perception of truth or God through mystic practices based on divine love. Sufism embodies a number of cultures , philosophies, central teachings and bodies of esoteric knowledge .
Salam differentiated between metaphysics and physics, and advised against empirically probing certain matters on which "physics is silent and will remain so," such as the doctrine of "creation from nothing" which in Salam's view is outside the limits of science and thus "gives way" to religious considerations. [65] Islam has its own world view ...
The celebrated Islamic scholar Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali wrote on Islamic sciences in his well known book The Revival of Religious Sciences (Ihya `ulum al‑din). He argued that a Muslim has a religious obligation ( wajib ) to know whatever aspects of religious science are necessary for them to obey Shari'ah in doing whatever work it is they do.
With about 1.8 billion followers (2015), almost a quarter of earth's population, [110] Islam is the second-largest and the fastest-growing religion in the world, [111] primarily due to the young age and high fertility rate of Muslims, [112] with Muslims having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5).