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[12]: 2, 30 A class of educated individuals became known as the Ilustrados. This group included individuals who had studied at both local universities and Spanish ones, and came from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. They gained prominence in Philippine administration, and became increasingly involved in politics.
The history of the Philippines dates from the earliest hominin activity in the archipelago at least by 709,000 years ago. [1] Homo luzonensis, a species of archaic humans, was present on the island of Luzon [2] [3] at least by 134,000 years ago. [4] The earliest known anatomically modern human was from Tabon Caves in Palawan dating about 47,000 ...
In early Philippine history, the Tagalog bayan (Kapampangan: balen; "country" or "polity") [2] of Cainta was a fortified upriver polity that occupied both shores of an arm of the Pasig River. It was located not far from where the Pasig River meets the Lake of Ba-i and is presumed to be the present site of the municipality of Cainta, Rizal. [3]
The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
In early Philippine history, barangay is the term historically used by scholars [1] to describe the complex sociopolitical units [2]: 4–6 that were the dominant organizational pattern among the various peoples of the Philippine archipelago [3] in the period immediately before the arrival of European colonizers. [4]
The Ilustrados "enlightened ones" constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. Mostly based outside the Philippines, they helped mold the flame of a united Filipino nationalism and identity in the islands. Almost all previous insurgencies were tribal, provincial and regional in nature.
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines is a government agency of the Philippines whose mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works and aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our ...
While Philippine ports remained open to Spanish ships for a decade following the war, the U.S. began to integrate the Philippine economy with its own. [96] In socio-economic terms, the Philippines made solid progress in this period. The 1909 U.S. Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act provided for free trade with the Philippines. [97]